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在(zai)(zai)民用建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、高層建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、水(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、大型基礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、橋梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、地鐵工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、水(shui)電工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等項(xiang)目上都(dou)(dou)可以經常看到(dao)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土泵車的應用。混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土泵車是一種專用的混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土輸(shu)送機械，具有較(jiao)大機動性，一般是在(zai)(zai)專用車輛(liang)上或(huo)者汽車底盤上安裝上混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土泵，具有澆筑(zhu)質量高、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)速度快、節省勞動力等優點，是工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)必備的混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土泵車。在(zai)(zai)實踐過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土泵車由(you)于操作難(nan)度大、結(jie)構復雜(za)，或(huo)多或(huo)少都(dou)(dou)會出(chu)現一些故(gu)障(zhang)。

　　1 、泵送系統液壓油溫過高

　　混(hun)凝土泵(beng)(beng)(beng)車在連(lian)續作(zuo)業的過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，往往伴有換向壓力沖擊，同(tong)時泵(beng)(beng)(beng)送(song)系(xi)統換向較為(wei)頻繁。泵(beng)(beng)(beng)送(song)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓系(xi)統主(zhu)(zhu)油(you)(you)路是閉式回路，一(yi)般都處于(yu)大流(liu)量狀(zhuang)態或(huo)者高(gao)(gao)壓狀(zhuang)態，由(you)2個(ge)串(chuan)聯(lian)的主(zhu)(zhu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓缸和一(yi)個(ge)雙向變量軸向柱塞(sai)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)組成(cheng)，一(yi)旦泵(beng)(beng)(beng)送(song)系(xi)統出(chu)現(xian)故障，必然(ran)會引起(qi)混(hun)凝土泵(beng)(beng)(beng)車的油(you)(you)溫過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)。油(you)(you)溫過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)原(yuan)因是由(you)于(yu)元件的調(diao)整、保養(yang)、操作(zuo)不當(dang)，或(huo)者制造和設計(ji)存(cun)在問題。具體來說，可能有以下一(yi)些(xie)原(yuan)因：，液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓系(xi)統內(nei)部(bu)泄漏情況過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)于(yu)嚴重(zhong);第二(er)，溢(yi)流(liu)閥不卸(xie)(xie)荷或(huo)者調(diao)定(ding)壓力過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao);第三(san)，冷卻器散熱(re)片散熱(re)不良，積塵過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)多(duo);第四，冷卻器風扇停(ting)轉(zhuan);第五，冷卻器出(chu)現(xian)阻塞(sai)現(xian)象;第六(liu)，低壓溢(yi)流(liu)閥調(diao)定(ding)壓力過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)或(huo)者出(chu)現(xian)損壞;第七，臂架液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓系(xi)統沒有卸(xie)(xie)荷;第八，液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓油(you)(you)自身的油(you)(you)量不夠，當(dang)油(you)(you)溫升高(gao)(gao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)快，或(huo)者液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓油(you)(you)溫度高(gao)(gao)于(yu)30℃～80℃這個(ge)正常工作(zuo)溫度時，應(ying)該按照經驗及時查找對比故障原(yuan)因，以便采(cai)取相應(ying)的修(xiu)理措施。

　　2 、攪拌系統常見故障及排除

　　2.1 攪拌系統漏漿 　　混凝土(tu)泵(beng)車一般都裝(zhuang)有(you)潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)設備(bei)，以預防攪(jiao)拌(ban)軸(zhou)處有(you)水泥漿(jiang)漏出，泵(beng)送(song)系統分(fen)配(pei)(pei)閥每往(wang)返運動一次就能夠完成一次輸送(song)潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)油(you)脂，然后再(zai)將潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)油(you)通(tong)過潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)脂分(fen)配(pei)(pei)閥送(song)到攪(jiao)拌(ban)軸(zhou)軸(zhou)承內(nei)，這樣一來，就能夠有(you)效(xiao)地起(qi)到密封和潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)的(de)作用。 　　一旦發現(xian)(xian)攪(jiao)拌(ban)軸(zhou)處出現(xian)(xian)漏漿(jiang)現(xian)(xian)象，應立即檢查濾油(you)網是(shi)(shi)否堵塞(sai)，潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)脂油(you)管接(jie)頭是(shi)(shi)否有(you)油(you)，潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)脂供給(gei)系統是(shi)(shi)否正常，潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)脂分(fen)配(pei)(pei)閥是(shi)(shi)否失去分(fen)配(pei)(pei)功能。如果磨損(sun)是(shi)(shi)由于攪(jiao)拌(ban)系統使用時(shi)(shi)間(jian)較(jiao)長導(dao)致(zhi)，那(nei)么(me)應該及(ji)時(shi)(shi)更(geng)換元件及(ji)進行有(you)效(xiao)的(de)保養。

　　2.2 攪拌軸轉動故障 　　由液(ye)壓馬達(da)來(lai)驅動(dong)攪(jiao)拌軸，通過對混凝土進(jin)行二(er)次攪(jiao)拌，來(lai)進(jin)行混凝土缸喂料。一旦(dan)發現(xian)攪(jiao)拌軸不轉或(huo)者轉速明(ming)顯下降，應該立刻檢查攪(jiao)拌液(ye)壓馬達(da)是(shi)否正常工作，攪(jiao)拌液(ye)壓系統(tong)壓力是(shi)否處(chu)于合理的(de)范圍，或(huo)者適當地加快攪(jiao)拌軸的(de)轉速。

　　3 、輸送管堵塞與排除 　　混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)泵(beng)車輸送(song)管(guan)(guan)(guan)發(fa)生(sheng)堵(du)塞(sai)的(de)(de)部(bu)位(wei)(wei)大多是在容易(yi)振動(dong)的(de)(de)錐管(guan)(guan)(guan)和彎管(guan)(guan)(guan)處(chu)，沿著輸送(song)管(guan)(guan)(guan)路(lu)用小鐵棒進行敲打，如果聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)清(qing)脆，且(qie)輸送(song)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)為(wei)沙沙聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，則說明無堵(du)塞(sai)現(xian)象;如果聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)沉(chen)悶，且(qie)輸送(song)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)為(wei)刺耳聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，說明該處(chu)是堵(du)塞(sai)處(chu)。此時出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)輸送(song)壓(ya)力逐漸提高，泵(beng)送(song)動(dong)作(zuo)停止，料(liao)斗(dou)料(liao)位(wei)(wei)不下降，管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口端不出(chu)(chu)(chu)料(liao)，泵(beng)機發(fa)生(sheng)振動(dong)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)路(lu)拌有強(qiang)烈(lie)振動(dong)及位(wei)(wei)移(yi)等現(xian)象。反(fan)泵(beng)可(ke)操作(zuo)，但轉入正(zheng)泵(beng)后(hou)(hou)又出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)堵(du)塞(sai)。 　　如果混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)泵(beng)車輸送(song)管(guan)(guan)(guan)發(fa)生(sheng)輕度堵(du)塞(sai)，那(nei)么首先(xian)應該查明堵(du)塞(sai)部(bu)位(wei)(wei)，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)用抖動(dong)、木槌敲擊的(de)(de)方法擊松混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)，重復正(zheng)泵(beng)、反(fan)泵(beng)操作(zuo)，將(jiang)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)逐步(bu)吸出(chu)(chu)(chu)至料(liao)斗(dou)中，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)再(zai)將(jiang)其進行重新攪(jiao)拌后(hou)(hou)泵(beng)送(song)。如果通過(guo)這些措施還不能排(pai)除(chu)堵(du)塞(sai)問(wen)題，那(nei)么就(jiu)要采取拆管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)方法，將(jiang)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)堵(du)塞(sai)物(wu)排(pai)盡，堵(du)塞(sai)部(bu)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)輸送(song)管(guan)(guan)(guan)拆除(chu)之后(hou)(hou)，方可(ke)接管(guan)(guan)(guan)，以避免再(zai)次(ci)堵(du)塞(sai)。

4 、完善好混凝土泵車的維護保養