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小型混凝土泵車尾端擺(bai)動大(da)的影(ying)響因素(su)主要有：

1.回轉軸(zhou)承游隙(xi)及(ji)其他(ta)間隙(xi) 臂架尾端擺動大在結構方面(mian)的(de)主要原因是回轉支撐(cheng)軸(zhou)承的(de)游隙(xi)，齒輪副及(ji)花(hua)鍵嚙合側(ce)隙(xi)、安裝剛(gang)性、臂架剛(gang)性、臂架與(yu)臂架之(zhi)間連接間隙(xi)等不符合標準。

回轉支撐軸(zhou)承游(you)隙大的缺點：

(1)軸承(cheng)靈活，啟(qi)動(dong)力矩小。如果平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)閥開(kai)啟(qi)壓力設定較高(gao)，平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)閥一(yi)旦打開(kai)，臂架會快(kuai)速旋轉。平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)閥開(kai)啟(qi)壓力不(bu)夠時立即(ji)關閉平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)閥，易使臂架運行(xing)產生蠕(ru)動(dong)現象。

(2)在得到停止(zhi)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)命(ming)令后，臂架由于慣性將繼續(xu)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，因軸承(cheng)靈活，繼續(xu)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)時間增(zeng)長，使臂架擺幅(fu)大。

(3)回(hui)轉支(zhi)撐(cheng)軸承(cheng)的(de)徑(jing)向(xiang)游隙大，在(zai)臂(bei)架展開施工(gong)時，軸承(cheng)對回(hui)轉減速機施加附(fu)加徑(jing)向(xiang)力，易(yi)造成減速機上部軸承(cheng)及密封損壞、減速機安裝螺栓松(song)動。

目前國產(chan)(chan)小型混凝土泵(beng)車(che)主(zhu)要使(shi)用(yong)進口的回轉支(zhi)撐軸(zhou)承(cheng)。國產(chan)(chan)軸(zhou)承(cheng)使(shi)用(yong)較(jiao)少，游隙也各不相同。一般(ban)來講，徑向(xiang)游隙控制在150μm以內(軸(zhou)向(xiang)游隙可(ke)以適當大(da)一點)，使(shi)用(yong)效果較(jiao)好。

國內(nei)外少數(shu)企業，為了(le)減(jian)少臂架展開(kai)施工時(shi)(shi)回(hui)轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)承(cheng)對回(hui)轉(zhuan)減(jian)速(su)機(ji)(ji)施加附加徑向力(li)，增(zeng)加了(le)過(guo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)。減(jian)速(su)機(ji)(ji)上(shang)的(de)小齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)與雙過(guo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)嚙合，回(hui)轉(zhuan)支撐(cheng)軸(zhou)承(cheng)徑向力(li)施加在(zai)過(guo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)安裝軸(zhou)上(shang)。并且為了(le)達到回(hui)轉(zhuan)減(jian)速(su)機(ji)(ji)增(zeng)速(su)降扭(niu)矩的(de)目的(de)，過(guo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)使用(yong)了(le)齒(chi)數(shu)不等(deng)的(de)雙聯(lian)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)。小型混(hun)凝土泵車使用(yong)雙回(hui)轉(zhuan)減(jian)速(su)機(ji)(ji)增(zeng)大了(le)扭(niu)矩，節約(yue)了(le)成本(ben)。但設計時(shi)(shi)需注意，兩過(guo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)必(bi)須同時(shi)(shi)能裝入。

2.液壓(ya)平(ping)衡閥(fa)調整不當 從液壓(ya)系(xi)統(tong)考慮(lv)，控制(zhi)臂架擺(bai)幅與平(ping)衡閥(fa)參數調節有(you)較大關(guan)系(xi)。

啟動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)進(jin)油(you)(you)側(ce)(ce)V口(kou)高壓(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)經單(dan)向(xiang)閥(fa)至C口(kou)驅動(dong)(dong)回(hui)轉液壓(ya)(ya)馬達，同時(shi)(shi)經內部油(you)(you)道e作用(yong)(yong)于進(jin)油(you)(you)側(ce)(ce)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)閥(fa)芯A的先導活塞B克服2號(hao)彈(dan)簧力(li)PS2，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)進(jin)油(you)(you)側(ce)(ce)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)閥(fa)芯A只受(shou)1號(hao)彈(dan)簧力(li)PS1作用(yong)(yong)，因(yin)此(ci)，啟動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)進(jin)油(you)(you)側(ce)(ce)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)閥(fa)芯A的壓(ya)(ya)力(li)設定值PS應為：PS=PS1。啟動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)進(jin)油(you)(you)側(ce)(ce)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)閥(fa)芯A為高壓(ya)(ya)狀態，調整1號(hao)彈(dan)簧力(li)PS1即可調整啟動(dong)(dong)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)。

同時(shi)回(hui)油(you)側(ce)V口為(wei)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)，經內(nei)部油(you)道e作用(yong)(yong)于回(hui)油(you)側(ce)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)閥芯A的(de)先導活塞B的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)消(xiao)失，彈簧(huang)(huang)力(li)(li)(li)PS2也作用(yong)(yong)于回(hui)油(you)側(ce)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)閥芯A，此時(shi)回(hui)油(you)側(ce)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)閥芯A同時(shi)受1號和(he)2號兩側(ce)彈簧(huang)(huang)力(li)(li)(li)PS1和(he)PS2作用(yong)(yong)，因此，停止(zhi)時(shi)回(hui)油(you)側(ce)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)閥芯A的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)設定值PS應為(wei)：PS=PS1-PS2。停止(zhi)時(shi)回(hui)油(you)側(ce)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)閥芯A為(wei)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)狀態，調整2號彈簧(huang)(huang)力(li)(li)(li)PS2即可(ke)調整停止(zhi)時(shi)緩沖壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)。

啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)的調節(jie)：模擬工況(kuang)下，先(xian)向外(wai)旋(xuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)1號(hao)(hao)彈簧使得(de)臂架剛好不(bu)(bu)能正常旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)工作，再回(hui)(hui)調1號(hao)(hao)彈簧半圈(quan)左右，這樣(yang)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)正好能使動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)臂架轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)又不(bu)(bu)致過大。反向旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)時(shi)，用同樣(yang)方(fang)法調節(jie)另外(wai)一個1號(hao)(hao)彈簧。緩沖壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)的調節(jie)：旋(xuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)2號(hao)(hao)彈簧調整(zheng)緩沖壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)，使得(de)PS=PS1-PS2略大于回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)減速(su)機上的制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)啟(qi)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)即(ji)可。通過以上調整(zheng)，臂架旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)平(ping)穩(wen)，不(bu)(bu)會產生蠕動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)現象。目(mu)前制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)啟(qi)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)有(you)1.5?MPa、2.0?MPa、3.6?MPa等幾種(zhong)，陸地風(feng)力(li)(li)小的地方(fang)應盡量選擇1.5?MPa的，海上施工時(shi)選擇較(jiao)大的制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)啟(qi)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)。

3.遙(yao)控(kong)(kong)器調整不當(dang) 泵車施(shi)工時，一般用遙(yao)控(kong)(kong)器操作(zuo)臂架旋轉。德(de)國(guo)HBC遙(yao)控(kong)(kong)接收器性(xing)能如(ru)下：遙(yao)控(kong)(kong)器搖桿從起始位(wei)置到大(da)位(wei)置標(biao)準(zhun)產品的PWM通道輸(shu)出，快速擋時電(dian)流(liu)值為200～500?mA。

在(zai)沒有(you)進(jin)行任何調(diao)節的(de)情況下，遙(yao)控(kong)發射器搖桿(gan)(gan)可能在(zai)扳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一段空行程(cheng)后，臂(bei)架(jia)(jia)才(cai)開始轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，這時(shi)(shi)需要通過調(diao)節搖桿(gan)(gan)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大(da)小，使(shi)得搖桿(gan)(gan)扳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)小角度臂(bei)架(jia)(jia)就有(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(L1指示(shi)燈(deng)閃(shan)爍，將(jiang)搖桿(gan)(gan)扳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)很小角度，增(zeng)(zeng)加啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，具體(ti)操(cao)作(zuo)見遙(yao)控(kong)器使(shi)用(yong)(yong)說明(ming))。同理調(diao)節遙(yao)桿(gan)(gan)在(zai)大(da)位(wei)置時(shi)(shi)對應的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)值(zhi)，能達到(dao)臂(bei)架(jia)(jia)所需旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)速度。另外，還得調(diao)整臂(bei)架(jia)(jia)上升(sheng)、下降線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)態。通過線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)態的(de)調(diao)整改變搖桿(gan)(gan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)后臂(bei)架(jia)(jia)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)的(de)響(xiang)應性(xing)(xing)(xing)(L2/L3指示(shi)燈(deng)閃(shan)爍，對應有(you)0～25%，25%～50%，50%～75%，75%～幾種(zhong)線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)比例。具體(ti)操(cao)作(zuo)見遙(yao)控(kong)器使(shi)用(yong)(yong)說明(ming)，總線(xian)(xian)控(kong)制遙(yao)控(kong)器可以直接設(she)定線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)延時(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)間，一般設(she)定在(zai)500ms左右)。實際(ji)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)，若遇到(dao)搖桿(gan)(gan)輕(qing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一小角度臂(bei)架(jia)(jia)迅速轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)響(xiang)應，而不能使(shi)臂(bei)架(jia)(jia)微動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)時(shi)(shi)，將(jiang)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)降低，增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)比例即(ji)可。