淺析房屋建筑工程的質量管理問題

眾所周知，中國的房地產市場一直在飛速的發展著，就算是中間經過宏觀政策的限制，也僅僅只是限制了它的發展速度而已。如今的房屋建筑工程每年照樣以持續上升的趨勢增長，但是在工程的建設過程中涉及到各種不同程度的問題因素，使工程建筑項(xiang)目或多或少的(de)打(da)下了(le)折扣(kou)。從而就(jiu)出(chu)現了(le)一(yi)些所謂(wei)的(de)豆腐渣工程，泡沫工程等。那(nei)到底是什(shen)么原因(yin)造(zao)就(jiu)了(le)這些工程呢？

　　一、成本造價

這(zhe)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)是造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)筑低質量(liang)的(de)(de)人(ren)為的(de)(de)主要因(yin)素。目前(qian)很多單位為了從建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目中獲(huo)得私利，偷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)減料，大大降低工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)本而不(bu)斷抑制成(cheng)(cheng)本投資，但過(guo)(guo)度壓(ya)低工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)會(hui)適得其反。房屋工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)質量(liang)問題與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本造(zao)(zao)(zao)價大小(xiao)存在直(zhi)接(jie)聯系，沒資金也(ye)就不(bu)能使(shi)用更好的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)材料，造(zao)(zao)(zao)出(chu)來的(de)(de)建(jian)筑自然質量(liang)不(bu)行，豆腐渣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)就從這(zhe)問世了。另外提供的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價過(guo)(guo)少則會(hui)給施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)很大的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)壓(ya)力，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊或施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)受到資金限(xian)制而難(nan)以購買高質量(liang)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材料或者工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)積極(ji)性不(bu)高，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)流暢而導致工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)延期等。

　　二、工程設計

房屋(wu)建筑的(de)合理(li)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)能夠為后面的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)操作(zuo)進行指導(dao)，這是(shi)保證工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)作(zuo)業有序進行的(de)基(ji)礎。如果工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)不合理(li)的(de)話，那么就很可能給施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方帶來麻(ma)煩，如延期施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)序亂套等。屋(wu)面防(fang)水設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)時，常會(hui)觀察(cha)到帶女(nv)兒(er)墻的(de)屋(wu)面存(cun)在局(ju)部泛水檐高(gao)度不夠的(de)問題，設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)伸縮縫出屋(wu)面墻壓頂時安排(pai)不當，這些都是(shi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)環節(jie)出現問題所造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)。

　　三、施工人員的質量因素

　　目前來說，大部分的工程建筑都是農民工作為主力，而農民工沒有收到過專業的培訓和學習，在施工過程中容易按自己的經驗來施工而往往忽略了當初的設計計劃，因此不僅管理不方便，而且也會對施工的進程造成影響。另外再使用混凝土輸送泵的時候，一個高質量的泵工是非常重要的，一個泵工不僅能夠決定施工的速度和效率，同時對混凝土輸送泵的壽命也有(you)很大的影響。

　　四、監理因素

施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場監(jian)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)缺失是(shi)導(dao)致房屋建筑(zhu)質(zhi)量不達(da)標的(de)另一(yi)因(yin)素，沒(mei)有專(zhuan)業的(de)監(jian)理(li)團隊將使(shi)得工(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)問題無法及(ji)時被發現(xian)，給(gei)質(zhi)量檢測工(gong)作(zuo)帶來不便。也有可能是(shi)監(jian)理(li)為牟(mou)取私(si)利，對一(yi)些(xie)工(gong)程的(de)缺陷(xian)視而(er)不見(jian)，給(gei)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方已方便。

　　五、機械設備因素

在施工過程中選擇哪一種機械設備很重要，如要買混凝土輸送泵設備，就得選適合工程項目的，質量好的混凝土輸送泵。如果工程項目在南方，細石混凝土泵是，如果在北方，小型大骨料混凝土輸送泵很不錯。如果項目是民用小型的建筑工程，那么不管你是南方還是北方，攪拌拖泵才是王道。別看這一些很小的細節，造成的影響可能是巨大的。

　　房(fang)屋建筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建成(cheng)后在將(jiang)來會和人們的(de)生活息息相關。如果有那么(me)(me)一(yi)點(dian)點(dian)的(de)問題(ti)，在將(jiang)來的(de)時(shi)間不可預料會出(chu)現什么(me)(me)重大事故。所以(yi)無論是建設、設計和施工(gong)(gong)單位，還是監(jian)理單位人員都必須全(quan)面樹(shu)立(li)質(zhi)量(liang)意(yi)識，在完成(cheng)房(fang)屋建筑施工(gong)(gong)量(liang)的(de)同時(shi)盡量(liang)提升質(zhi)量(liang)水(shui)平，這對于(yu)我國現代化建設都是很重要的(de)。